Laboratory Test of Cigarette Butt Waste and Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata L.) Extracts as Biopesticides of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Keywords:
Annona muricata L., cigarette butt, microwave-assisted extraction, natural insecticide, Spodoptera frugiperdaAbstract
Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the new pests from the Lepidoptera class, which causes huge losses for farmers, especially in corn plantations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cigarette butt waste and soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) extracts as biopesticides against fall armyworms by observing the mortality and analyzing their LC50. Extraction of cigarette butts waste and soursop leaves by ethanol 96% as solvent was carried out using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. As the comparison, the maceration and soxhletation extraction of soursop leaves were conducted and analyzed their chemical content by using LC-MS/MS instrument. The insecticide study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method to treat larvae instar III with cigarette butt waste and soursop leaf extracts with various concentrations in three repetitions. Data analysis was performed using probit analysis. The results showed that soursop leaf extract contained four major acetogenin compounds, namely muricatalicin, annohexocin, robustocin, and epoxymurin, with a total percentage of 31.41% by using MAE method, which is higher than the acetogenin content of the maceration and soxhletation extracts (23.73% and 17.78%, respectively). Both cigarette butt waste and soursop leaf extracts were effective as biopesticides with an LC50 value of 4.900% and 4.114%, respectively, in 12 hours of observation.
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