Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica :: ISSN 1336-9245
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal
<p align="justify"><strong>Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica</strong> is an open access, a peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. First published in 1957 as <em>Proceedings of the University of Agriculture in Nitra</em>. From 2013 is the Journal published online only.</p> <p align="justify"><strong>Aims & scope<br /></strong>Journal focuses on presentation of regional, national and international current science results in plant and animal nutrition, genetics, breeding, animal health and welfare, agronomy and soil science, in particular:</p> <ul> <ul> <li>agrochemistry and plant nutrition</li> <li>botany, plant physiology, genetics, breeding, protection</li> <li>crop production, grass ecosystems and forages</li> <li>soil and environmental scienes</li> <li>sustainable agriculture</li> <li>zoology, animal genetics and breeding biology</li> <li>animal husbandry, nutrition and special husbandry</li> <li>animal health and veterinary sciences</li> <li>human nutrition</li> </ul> </ul> <p><strong>Journal Legacy<br /></strong></p> <p>Issues/articles published <a title="Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica legacy" href="https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/legacy/journal/index.php/on_line/issue/archive.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">from 2011 to 2021</a></p> <p>Issues/articles published <a title="Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica legacy :: 2009-2011" href="http://www.slpk.sk/acta/afz-en.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">from 2009 to 2011</a></p> <p>Issues/articles published <a title="Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica legacy :: 1998-2003" href="http://www.slpk.sk/eldo/actafz/contents3.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">from 1998 to 2003</a></p> <p><strong>Indexing<br /></strong>The journal is indexed by <a title="Scopus Database" href="https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21100916903">Scopus (Elsevier)</a> | <a title="Directory of Open Access Journals" href="https://doaj.org/">DOAJ</a></p> <p><strong>Charges & Fees</strong><br />Articles are published without article submission and article processing charges. For end-users are published papers free of charge.</p> <p><strong>Peer review policy</strong></p> <p><em><strong>Editorial evaluation</strong></em>: first step, submitted manuscripts are assessed from the formal / technical points of view (comply with the editorial requirements, resp. guidelines for authors, main aims and scopes and policies) and from the point of view of plagiarism. Manuscripts which are not comply with editorial requirements will be returned for technical corrections. In case general/base incompliance of article with requirements will be rejected, rejected will be also articles with critical similarity score. When the technical/formal evaluation is completed, the manuscript proceeds to the stage of scientific evaluation.</p> <p><em><strong>Scientific evaluation</strong></em><br />Evaluation from the point of view of scientific quality is provided by the executive editors of subject/thematic sections. Based on the result of the preliminary evaluation from the point of view of scientific quality, the manuscript is either rejected, returned for corrections or moved to the review process. If the requested changes are made, the text returns to the executive editors. When the scientific evaluation is completed manuscript, the peer-review process is following.</p> <p><em><strong>Peer-review process</strong></em><br />The Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica peer-review model: blind review, two independent reviewers. If necessary (in case there are any differencies between review reports) a third reviewer will be invited. The results of reviewing can be acceptance, acceptance with minor or major modifications or rejected. Once the requested changes/corrections are made, the text returns to the executive editors.</p> <p><em><strong>Post peer-review process</strong></em></p> <p>Editing and preparing accepted manuscripts for publication. Online publishing.</p> <p><strong>Copyright & Licenses</strong><br />Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially) the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</p> <p>The Journal is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a></p> <p><strong>Deposit Policy</strong></p> <p><a title="Sherpa Roemo Deposit Policy for AFZ" href="https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/cgi/search/publication/basic?publication_title-auto=1336-9245">Sherpa/Romeo</a></p> <p><strong>Screening of plagiarism</strong><br />All manuscripts are checked by the Crossref service Similarity Check (iThenticate software).</p> <hr /> <p>eISSN 1336-9245 / pISSN 1335-258X (until to 2013)</p> <p>Journal website: http://www.acta.fapz.uniag.sk</p> <p>Journal periodicity: 4 issues per year</p> <p>Abbreviation: <em>Acta fytotechn zootechn</em></p> <p>Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra</p>Slovak University of Agriculture in NitraenActa fytotechnica et zootechnica :: ISSN 1336-92451335-258XMushroom β-glucans as anticancer and therapeutic agents: a focus on their mechanism of action
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/392
<p><em>β</em>-glucans are biologically active polysaccharides derived from natural sources, especially mushrooms, renowned for their immunomodulatory, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds can be safely consumed as dietary supplements or as part of one's daily diet. Chemoprevention is a crucial approach in reducing cancer development and tumor progression including the use of natural substances to impede, arrest, or reverse carcinogenesis. <em>β</em>-glucans, especially those from mushrooms, have been recognized as effective chemopreventive and adjuvant agents when combined with standard chemotherapy. They appear to operate through various mechanisms and may exhibit additive or synergistic effects. While <em>in vitro</em> and animal studies have consistently demonstrated their medical potential, clinical investigations into the precise mechanisms of action remain limited. Therefore, understanding the specific molecular changes that drive cancer development and progression, and developing anticancer and adjuvant chemotherapeutic drugs, which improve cancer treatment is still a main challenge in this field. Therefore, this review aims to summarise recent research findings on the anticancer effects of selected mushroom <em>β</em>-glucans, covering a range of preclinical (<em>in vitro </em>and <em>in vivo</em>) and several clinical studies, with a focus on their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential. We also discuss their potential molecular mechanisms of action and provide a brief overview of the classification, structural characteristics, sources, and origin of <em>β</em>-glucans derived from various edible mushrooms.</p>
Animal Sciencemushrooms, β-Glucans, anticancer effects, therapeutic potentialVeronika FialkováHana ĎúranováMiroslava PožgajováZuzana Chlebová
Copyright (c) 2024 Veronika Fialková, Hana Ďúranová, Miroslava Požgajová, Zuzana Chlebová
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2024-01-082024-01-08Effect of different fertilizers and no-till versus strip-till on silage maize yield in a dual cropping system
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/398
<p>The effect of different fertilizers (digestate, Urea<sup>stabil</sup>) and their combinations with strip-till/no-till technology on yield and selected quality parameters of the maize hybrid KWS Kampinos (FAO 200) in a dual cropping system (winter rye - maize) was assessed in two-year field trials (harvest 2021-2022). A significant influence of year was found in most monitored parameters. A total of 6 variants were compared, 2 variants with no-till and 4 variants with strip-till. After using the strip-till method, the silage maize yield increased significantly (11.8 – 15.4 t DM/ha) compared to the no-till method, either on the unfertilized variant (8.3 t DM/ha) or after applying fertilizer Urea<sup>stabil</sup> (11.44 t DM/ha). When using the strip-till method, no significant differences in the yield of silage maize (average over 2 years) were demonstrated between these three fertilized variants: Urea<sup>stabil</sup> (14.03 t DM/ha); digestate + Urea<sup>stabil</sup> (15.4 t DM/ha), digestate (14.2 t DM/ha) at total dose of 120 kg N/ha for each variant. The dry matter content of the silage biomass was insignificant between all the variants (32.0 – 34.1%). Differences in quality parameters of silage under the influence of fertilization variants were minimal (crude protein, starch, ash, ADF) or none (NDF). From the results obtained, it can be concluded that maize can be successfully grown and fertilized with strip-till soil conservation technology.</p>
Plant Sciencewinter ryemaizedigestateUreastabilyieldstrip-tillJan PazderaLadislav VargaLadislav DucsayJakub SitkeyStanislav HejdukPetr DoležalLadislav ZemanReinhard W. NeugschwandtnerMonika Mierzwa-Hersztek
Copyright (c) 2024 Jan Pazdera, Ladislav Varga, Ladislav Ducsay, Jakub Sitkey, Stanislav Hejduk, Petr Doležal, Ladislav Zeman, Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner, Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
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2024-01-082024-01-08Linseed mucilage - optimized extraction procedure for genomic research and nutraceutical applications
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/355
<p>Since the mucilage is released by specialized cells on the surface of the seed coat of the flax seed, some of the DNA from these cells is transferred into the mucilaginous mass. The isolation of DNA from the mucilage is greatly influenced by the conditions of mucilage extraction as well as the conditions of DNA extraction. When extracting the mucilage, it is necessary to separate the mass from the seeds by centrifugation, as pressing in gauze is likely to cause mechanical damage to the cell molecules. The temperature of the mucilage extraction is also an important factor, 40 °C was ideal for our studies, as higher temperatures release additional metabolites into the mucilage and thus make it more challenging to isolate DNA. For the actual extraction of DNA from the mucilage, a low temperature is essential as the mucilage has a higher solubility with increasing temperature. Thus, the lower the temperature, the easier it is to separate the mucilage polysaccharides from the nucleic acids. DNA purification is key for the amplification efficiency of the DNA isolated from the mucilaginous mass of flax seeds. The initial consistency of the mucilage before the isolation itself does not affect this result, although it should be noted that it acquires a consistency similar to that after the lyophilization process even by the action of liquid nitrogen on the extracted mucilage. We demonstrated the amplification efficiency of the extracted DNA using the random primers (RAPD) and sequence-specific (microRNAs).</p>
Plant ScienceLinum usitatissimum L.mucilaginous substances extractionDNA extractionDNA amplificationmiRNAsMatúš KučkaKatarína RažnáJanka Nôžková
Copyright (c) 2024 Matúš Kučka, Katarína Ražná, Janka Nôžková
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2024-01-082024-01-08Alimentary metabolic disorders in high-producing dairy cows: A review
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/376
<p>The aim of this review, which has been compiled on the basis of the available existing literature, is to summarise the basic information regarding alimentary metabolic disorders in high-producing dairy cows. The disorders included in this review are among the most commonly occurring in herds. Specifically, ketosis, acidosis and milk fever. It is known worldwide that high producing dairy cows are more susceptible to ruminal dysfunction - alimentary metabolic disorders. Causes of alimentary metabolic disorders can be of different nature, such as unbalanced feed ration, stress, inadequate management and environmental factors, genetic factors and various infections or diseases of the animals. The most frequent cause of metabolic disorders is considered to be the feeding of an inadequate ration with an excess or deficiency of the required nutrients. Dairy cows must be fed a ration containing all nutrients in the correct proportions to maintain optimum metabolic function. The physical structure of the forage itself has a major influence on the health status of dairy cows and the development of dysfunctions, where not maintaining the correct technique (structure) has a negative impact on the overall rumen complex of the dairy cow.</p>
Animal Sciencedairy cowsalimentary metabolic disordersketosisacidosismilk feverMária KapusniakováMiroslav JuráčekOndrej HanušovskýAndrej DuchoňMichal RolinecBranislav GálikMatúš DžimaDaniel RajčokMilan Šimko
Copyright (c) 2024 Mária Kapusniaková, Miroslav Juráček, Ondrej Hanušovský, Andrej Duchoň, Michal Rolinec, Branislav Gálik, Matúš Džima, Daniel Rajčok, Milan Šimko
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2024-01-082024-01-08Effect of spent coffee grounds and liquid worm fertilizer on the growth and yield of Brassica campestris L.
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/338
<p><em>Brassica campestris </em>L.<em> </em>plants are widely grown, including in Asian countries where the leaves are used to prepare Chinese sour pickled mustard greens. The potential benefits of the application of organic by-products and organic fertilizers in sustainable agricultural production have been shown in previous studies. Consequently, this study investigated the effectiveness of liquid worm fertilizer (LWF) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) individually and in combination on the growth of <em>B. campestris</em>. The results showed that LWF at the highest dose had positive effects on the growth and yield of <em>B. Campestris</em>, but SGC had inhibitory effects. The treatment consisting of composted SCG + triple of the standard dose of LWF resulted in the best plot yield with 3866.7 g.plot<sup>-1</sup>, followed by the treatment of fresh SCG + triple of the standard dose of LWF, which produced a yield of 3766.7 g.plot<sup>-1</sup>. The lowest yield (2100.0 g.plot<sup>-1</sup>) was observed in the treatment of 1kg.m<sup>-2 </sup>fresh SCG + no LWF. The interaction effect between SCG and LWF on the plot yield of <em>B. campestris </em>L. was significant (F<sub>(4,18) </sub><em>= </em>4.6;<em> p </em>= 0.01) demonstrating enhanced yield when both SCG and LWF were used in combination.</p>
Plant ScienceBrassica campestris L.; coffee grounds; liquid worm fertilizer; pickled mustard greensThi-Thuy-Hai LuuTruc-Linh LeNga HuynhIain D. Green
Copyright (c) 2024 Thi-Thuy-Hai Luu, Truc-Linh Le, Nga Huynh, Iain D. Green
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2024-01-082024-01-08Analysis of the mineral profile in the urine of dry and lactating cows: a case study
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/369
<p>In this case study, the urinary mineral profile of dairy cows was investigated. Determined urinary mineral concentrations were evaluated in relation to the production cycle (dry cows versus lactating cows) and were also compared to the physiological optimum. The study was carried out on twelve Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and urea concentrations were determined in urine samples. The urine of dry cows showed demonstrably higher concentrations of Ca, P, Na and Mg compared to the urine of lactating cows. Compared to the physiological optimum, significantly lower urinary Na concentrations were determined in all cows. This indicates a significant deficiency of Na in the diet of both dry cows and lactating cows. Marked differences between the minimum and maximum concentrations of all minerals studied in the urine of dairy cows were determined. The mineral profile obtained from urine samples can be an important diagnostic method for detecting preclinical stages of metabolic disorders. At the same time, urine sample collection is stress-free for dairy cows.</p>
Animal ScienceHolstein cattlebovine urinetrace elementsmetabolic profileTomáš KankaIvan ImrichEva MlynekováMartina PšenkováMartin FikCyril HrnčárMichal Rolinec
Copyright (c) 2024 Tomáš Kanka, Ivan Imrich, Eva Mlyneková, Martina Pšenková, Martin Fik, Cyril Hrnčár, Michal Rolinec
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2024-01-082024-01-08Effect of tillage systems on the quality of different soil types
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/345
<p>The tillage technology used can influence the soil quality positively or negatively. The aim of this work was to compare the impact of reduced (RT) and conventional (CT) tillage technologies on selected physical and chemical properties of Mollic Fluvisol, Chernozem, and Haplic Luvisol. Differences in the properties of soils treated with RT and CT were investigated at fifteen sites to a depth of 40 cm. The results showed that in Mollic Fluvisol, which naturally has higher soil organic matter (SOM) content, changing the tillage system from CT to RT caused minimal negative changes in soil properties, including a significant increase in bulk density (r<sub>d</sub>), a decrease in available water capacity (Q<sub>P</sub>) and hot water soluble carbon (C<sub>HWL</sub>); in contrast, the change in tillage system was positively reflected in a statistically significant increase in total organic carbon (C<sub>ox</sub>) and degree of humification. For Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol, which naturally have medium to low SOM content, changing tillage from CT to RT resulted in a significant decrease in C<sub>HWL</sub> content and degree of humification. All physical parameters assessed were significantly deteriorated (there was an increase in r<sub>d</sub> and wilting point, a significant decrease in air-filled porosity and Q<sub>P</sub>. There was no significant improvement in any of the soil properties studied. It can be concluded that the CT system is more suitable for Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol tillage than the RT system. In Mollic Fluvisol, the RT system is more or less equally suitable for tillage as the CT system.</p>
Plant Scienceavailable water capacity, air-filled porosity, bulk density, soil organic matter, tillage technologyNora PollakovaElżbieta Wójcik-GrontJerzy Jonczak Martin Juriga
Copyright (c) 2023 Nora Pollakova, Elżbieta Wójcik-Gront, Jerzy Jonczak , Martin Juriga
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2023-10-242023-10-24The impact of short-term chokeberry juice intake on selected anthropometric and lipid indicators of women in productive age
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/356
<p>Black chokeberry is used in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension and stress. It is valued for its high antioxidant capacity and, in addition, for its anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties. The aim of this intervention study was to assess the impact of short-term intake of chokeberry juice on chosen anthropometric and lipid indicators of 30 women in productive age (from 45 to 55 years). Volunteers received 50 mL of 100% chokeberry juice daily for one-month period. Anthropometric and lipids parameters were monitored before and after 4 weeks of intake of chokeberry juice. Analysis of body composition was determined by the InBody 720, and biochemical analyzes were performed using BioMajesty JCA-BM6010/C. The level of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and liver enzymes were measured using commercial kits DiaSys by enzymatic measurement. The low density lipoprotein level was found out by the Friedewald equation.<strong> </strong>Analysis of body composition dynamics showed a signified decrease in body weight (<em>P</em> <0.01), positive loss of body fat (<em>P</em> <0.05), especially in visceral fat (<em>P</em> <0.01). The waist to hip ratio was also improved (<em>P</em> < 0.01). The lipid profile also changed positively, the level of total cholesterol (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and low density lipoprotein decreased (<em>P</em> <0.01). On the contrary, the level of high density lipoprotein increased in a positive direction (<em>P</em> <0.01), while an improvement in the low density lipoprotein / high density lipoprotein ratio was also observed (<em>P</em> <0.001). The average level of C-reactive protein decreased after consumption of chokeberry juice, but without statistical evidence (<em>P</em> ˃0.05). We did not observe significant changes on kidney and liver markers. The results show that daily short-term intake of chokeberry juice can influence risk factors in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and induce beneficial effects on health indicators of adult women.</p>
Animal ScienceJana MrázováJana KopčekováPeter ChleboKatarína Fatrcová-ŠramkováMaroš Bihari
Copyright (c) 2024 Jana Mrázová, Jana Kopčeková, Peter Chlebo, Katarína Fatrcová-Šramková, Maroš Bihari
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2024-01-082024-01-08Assessment of root architecture traits in seedlings of Algerian maize populations grown under two nitrogen levels
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/334
<p>Despite the critical role played by roots for the acquisition of water and nutrients from the soil, especially in stressful conditions; root characteristics are rarely utilized as selection criteria to improve nutrient uptake efficiency in maize breeding programs. In this study, seedlings of twelve Algerian maize populations with two commercial maize hybrids were evaluated to: (i) study the phenotypic variation of nine root traits under low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN) levels and (ii) determine root traits accounting for most of the phenotypic variation among the evaluated populations. High phenotypic diversity was observed for all studied traits under both N levels. Under LN conditions, seedlings adapt by rapidly increasing their root systems to exploit nitrogen (N) resources, resulting in significant increases in primary root length (PRL), seminal root length (SRL), seminal root number (SRN), and total root length (TRL). Conversely, shoot dry weight (SDW) decreased. The first two principal components explained 73.46 and 74.82% of the total variation among the maize populations under LN and HN conditions, respectively. Thus, root dry weight (RDW) and TRL were major contributors of the phenotypic variation. In addition, RDW and TRL were significantly correlated with most of the other traits under both N levels. Therefore, during the seedling stage, RDW and TRL can be used as favorable selection criteria. This diversity gives opportunities for enhancing N use efficiency, potentially leading to reducing N fertilizer requirements. As a result, this can contribute to reduce input costs and maintaining environmental quality.</p>
Plant ScienceZea mays L.Algerian germplasmseedling root traitshydroponicsnitrogenAzeddine ChemlalMohammed MeftiAbdennour Benzohra
Copyright (c) 2024 Azeddine Chemlal, Mohammed Mefti, Abdennour Benzohra
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2024-01-082024-01-08Spectroscopic characterization of soil organic matter quality in intensively used Chernozems
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/305
<p>Chernozems are considered highly productive soils, which are strongly affected by intensive management, erosion processes, and degradation. Three different soil types were classified according to Němeček et al. (2011) along the transect in the field – Calcic Chernozem (control site); Calcaric Regosol (erosion site); and Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). Soil organic matter quality was evaluated using infrared and UV-VIS spectroscopic methods. Humic acids (HAs) were isolated from all three soil samples according to the standard IHSS method. DRIFT spectroscopy (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) was applied to evaluate HAs chemical composition and hydrophobicity. Both parameters can better characterize HAs stability against microbial degradation, reactivity, and wettability. Results showed that the humification degree was the highest in Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). Less humified were HAs in Calcaric Regosol (erosion site). Higher content of aliphatic labile and hydrophilic groups was in HAs from Calcaric Regosol (erosion site). The content of aromatic stable and resistant components was higher in HAs from Calcic Chernozem (control site) and Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). The highest hydrophobicity index was in HAs from Calcic Chernozem Colluvic (accumulation site). The HAs chemical composition and hydrophobicity are crucial in soil productivity and organic matter stability in a changing environment.</p>
Plant Sciencehumic acids, chernozem, DRIFT and UV-VIS spectroscopyLubos SedlakKateřina BoturováLubica PospíšilováLadislav MenšíkTomáš Šimon
Copyright (c) 2024 Lubos Sedlak, Kateřina Boturová, Lubica Pospíšilová, Ladislav Menšík, Tomáš Šimon
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2024-01-082024-01-08Occurrence, causes and consequences of keel bone damage of laying hens
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/298
<p>Keel bone damage (KBD) is a multifactorial problem. This problem applies to all types of housing systems, caged as well as cage-free systems, including free-range and organic. The common causes are in particular collisions with the elements of the environment, such as perches, as well as collisions between hens. Extremely high frequency and severity of damage adversely affects not only welfare of laying hens also their production and egg quality too. This article provides an overview of current knowledge about the occurrence of KBD, the causes of its occurrence and consequences for the quality of life of laying hens in intensive large-scale production conditions. In the introductory part, we describe what keel bone is, the high incidence and prevalence of the problem, which implies the importance of long-term dealing with this issue at the global level. In the next part, we deal with the factors that can cause the occurrence of KBD, the relationship between the occurrence of KBD and bone quality, nutrition with an emphasis on calcium, the relationship between KBD and welfare, individual housing systems, age, genotypes of hens, feathering, efficiency and quality of production of laying hens and in the final part section we present detection methods. As already mentioned, the occurrence of KBD is influenced by a number of factors, but due to the differences in the prevalence of this problem in different countries, further comprehensive research is needed. The deviations and fractures of the keel bone can have a negative impact on the welfare of laying hens, which will subsequently be reflected in the possible painfulness of feed intake, laying, product quality, which ultimately will always affect economic efficiency. The goal of long-term research should to try to reduce the incidence of these conditions, or their prevention. It is important to deal with genetic selection, nutrition, a very important area, as far as KBD is concerned, are the conditions of the breeding environment, especially the housing system and the elements that make up the equipment of the rearing and breeding area, as well as the standardization of the methods used to detect damage to the keel bone. Palpation, post-mortem palpation, multiple sensing technologies are used. Researcher training can significantly improve both the accuracy and reliability of assessment of sternal fractures and deviations. If the results of keel bone prevalence will be compared or combined between individual studies, all methods used to detect keel bone damage should be accurate, i.e. sufficient methodological details should be given for each study and the method of determining prevalence should be standardized.</p>
Animal Sciencelaying hens, welfare, keel bone damage, fracture, productionHenrieta ArpášováMarie HamadováDariusz Kokoszynski
Copyright (c) 2023 Henrieta Arpášová, Marie Hamadova, Dariusz Kokoszynski
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2023-10-162023-10-16Farm activity input data analysis from suckler cow system
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/313
<p>This paper aims to provide an overview of the suckler beef cow production system in Slovakia and its implications for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and ammonia. The study collected data from 24 farms with a total of 3,745 sucker cows in 2021, representing a variety of breeding practices and breeds used for production of weaned calves. The results shown that the farms breeding Charolaise had the lowest proportion (0.61, n=8) of permanent grassland from all land managed in contrast to Pinzgau (0.73, n=2) or Limousine (0.76, n=9) in this database. Preference of winter calving season prevailed representing 38 % of all cows (12 farms, 1415 cows) which had achieved calving rate 0.82 ± 0.13 of calf per cow and calving interval 420±35 days. In the contrast, farms that were not specific about preferred calving season reached rate 0.73±0.14 of calf per cow and calving interval 407±26 days. Mean average daily gain was 0.978 ± 0.23 g day<sup>-1</sup> and age at weaning 188±48 days. Emission factors were 15.15 ± 3.7, 109.7± 9.3 and 0.800±0.07 kg of ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide for cow per year. Present study helps to identify information gaps on various factors such as forage quality, grazing practices, feed rations, and reproductive stage. Data on these variables even from a relatively small number of farms would provide opportunities to overcome the challenges to evaluate on-farm GHG mitigations and their trade-offs.</p>
Animal Sciencesuckler cowsbeefGHGproduction efficiencysustainability indicatorsOndrej PastierikMiroslav ZáhradníkAndrea MrekajováJán Huba
Copyright (c) 2023 Ondrej Pastierik, Miroslav Záhradník, Andrea Mrekajová, Ján Huba
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2023-10-162023-10-16Barcoding Analysis for Identification of Insect Species on Decaying Remains
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/317
<p>The identification of necrophagous individuals on a dead body is most often associated with forensic practice and the field of forensic entomology. Insects are found on a dead body depending on climatic conditions, with the seasons naturally accelerating the decomposition of tissues, and successive waves gradually reducing the amount of soft tissue remaining. The aim of this work was to compare the composition of the necrophagous invertebrate species occurring on the different carcasses (<em>Gallus gallus</em> vs. <em>Sus scrofa f. domestica</em>). A second objective was to evaluate which of the identification tools comparing COI gene sequences is currently more appropriate for barcoding and whether there are significant differences in the results of the BOLD and BLAST identification tools between the samples examined. Molecular determination was done using Sanger sequencing of the COI fragment of mitochondrial DNA. In total, 96 individuals and 13 species were identified in the <em>Gallus gallus</em> carcass and 50 individuals and 17 species on the <em>Sus scrofa</em> (<em>f. domestica</em>) carcass<em>. Calliphora vomitoria</em> was determined as most abundant species in both carcasses. The reliability of the BOLD and BLAST identification methods is comparably high</p> <p> </p>
Animal Scienceforensic entomology, barcoding, COI, BOLD, BLASTTamara MifkováAleš KnollKristýna Skoupá
Copyright (c) 2024 Mgr. Ing. Tamara Mifková, prof. RNDr. Aleš Knoll, Ph.D., Ing. Kristýna Skoupá
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2024-01-082024-01-08Response of three lowland rice (Oriza sativa L.) variety to seedling age under different plant populations in a derived savanna agro-ecology of NIgeria
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/265
<p class="AFZAbstract">Field trials were conducted during rainy season of 2019 and 2020 at Teaching and Research Farms, Directorate of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria (Latitude 7<sup>o</sup>12′54′′N – 7<sup>o</sup>9′17′′N; Longitude 3<sup>o</sup>20′24′′E – 3<sup>o</sup>27′68′′E). The trials were laid out in a split-split plot arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Main plot treatment was three lowland rice varieties (NERICA L-34, ARICA-3 and WITA-4), sub plot treatment (three plant populations: 250,000, 160,000 and 111,111) plants/ha and the sub-sub plot treatment (three seedling ages: 7, 14 and 21 days). Data collected on growth, yield and yield components were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and treatment means separated using 5% least significant difference (LSD at p ≤ 0.05). The results showed that there was 36% and 120% increase in hill count when rice was planted at 160,000 plants/ha and 250,000 plants/ha, respectively compared to 111,111 plants/ha in both years. Planting 7 days old rice seedling resulted in lower hill count compared to planting 14 and 21 days olds seedling. In both years, NERICA L – 34 produced longer rice grains, more grains per panicle and higher grain yield than ARICA – 3. Our findings also revealed that rice grain yield increased with plant population with the highest yield recorded with 250,000 plants population. Highest grain yield was recorded with planting 21 days old rice seedling. Therefore for maximum rice yield, 21 days old seedling of NERICA L – 34 should be planted at 250,000 plants/ha.</p>
Plant ScienceARICA – 3NERICA L – 34PopulationsSeedlingYieldOlanrewaju Emmanuel OniAkeem A. OyekanmiV. I. O. OloweO. A. OduwayeNurudeen O. AdeyemiOluseyi A. Ajani
Copyright (c) 2023 Olanrewaju Emmanuel Oni, Akeem A. Oyekanmi, V. I. O. Olowe, O. A. Oduwaye, Nurudeen O. Adeyemi, Oluseyi A. Ajani
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2024-01-082024-01-08Pilot study on farming practices of Simmental dairy farms in Slovakia
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/237
<p>The pilot survey among 36 Simmental cattle breeders in Slovakia was performed by an expert visiting farms and filling a questionnaire with farm managers. Data on the factors that influence the emission factors of ammonia, methane or nitrous oxide are needed to provide support for sustainable livestock production policies. Highest milk production (8305±828 kg) was found in the group with intensive production system comprising 7078 cows. Extensive systems were represented by only 2 farms with 451 cows producing 5527±1094 kg of milk. All farms used phase feeding, only 15% of all cows in the survey were grazing. The dominant way of handling animal waste was solid manure with straw bedding (30 farms), while slurry prevailed for the remaining farms. There were 8 farms (2095 cows) equipped with surface covered tanks, bags or using natural crust to reduce emission from slurry storage. Median emission factors of a dairy cow based on survey data were 137.21 kg, 0.850 kg and 50.79 kg per year for methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia, respectively. When aggregated by manure management, cows producing solid manure had a lower emission factor for methane but higher for ammonia and nitrous oxide compared to cows under liquid manure management. Linking data from various aspects of dairy production at farm level supports holistic approach as important for evaluation of food systems in the future.</p>
Animal Sciencefarming practiseGHGammoniaSimmentalOndrej PastierikMiroslav ZáhradníkAndrea MrekajovaJán Huba
Copyright (c) 2023 Andrea Mrekajova
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2023-10-162023-10-16Genetic parameters for growth traits of Charolais and Limousine cattle breeds
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/152
<p>The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for the birth weight and weaning weight in Charolais and Limousine cattle breeds. In this study was used the records from 2018 calves from Charolais breed and 2099 calves from Limousine breed for the birth weight while for weaning weight the records were from 1125 calves Charolais and 1092 calves Limousine. The genetic parameters were estimated with maternal animal model. The data were from Romanian Breeding Association for beef cattle. The direct heritability of birth weight and weaning weight were 0.67 and 0.35 for Charolais breed while for Limousine breed were 0.70 and 0.69. The maternal heritability of birth weight and weaning weight were 0.26 and 0.12 for Charolais and 0.245, 0.249 respectively for Limousine breed. The total heritability for birth weight and weaning weight was high in Charolais and Limousine breeds. Direct-maternal correlations were negative for birth weight (-0.340) for Charolais and (-0.311) for Limousine and for weaning weight (-0.306) for Charolais and (-0.290) for Limousine.</p>
Animal Sciencebirth weight, weaning weightgenetic parametersmeat breedsRodica Ștefania PelmușHoria GrosuMircea Catalin RotarMihail Alexandru GrasCristina Van
Copyright (c) 2024 Rodica Ștefania Pelmuș, Horia Grosu, Mircea Catalin Rotar, Mihail Alexandru Gras, Cristina Van
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2024-01-082024-01-08Sexual dimorphism and dietary composition of the sandfish lizard Scincus scincus (Linnaeus, 1758) of southeastern Algeria
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/291
<p>In this study, we present the first data on the sexual dimorphism and diet of a typical desert lizard species, <em>Scincus scincus</em>, in the region of El-Oued, southeastern Algeria. The objective was to characterize the types of prey in the diet and determine whether there is a correlation between prey size and body size in males and females. The results obtained reveal that out of the 115 individuals captured (43 males and 72 females), sexual dimorphism is observed. Males tend to be larger than females, with males exhibiting relatively larger snout-vent length, head height, head length, and jaw length compared to females. However, no difference is recorded in terms of head width. The analysis of stomach contents allowed us to identify 485 prey items distributed among 9 prey categories, all attributed to insects. Coleoptera was the most commonly ingested prey category, accounting for 61.54% of stomachs, 59.79% of total prey items, and 62.41% of total volume. A similar diet was observed between females and males of <em>S. scincus</em>, with a high diet overlap (O = 0.99) and a low diversity of prey types ingested by both males (Ba = 0.17) and females (Ba = 0.19). Coleoptera represented the most dominant order in the skink's diet, followed by the Hymenoptera order. Generally, the remaining seven taxa were consumed in low proportions by both sexes. Additionally, we observed no significant difference between the number of prey consumed and the volume of prey between the sexes, and no correlation was found between morphometric characteristics, diet composition, and prey volume.</p>
Animal ScienceScincus scincussexual dimorphismdietprey sizeEl-OuedHayet LaoufiAicha Mouane Aouimeur SouadMerabti BrahimMehaoua Mohamed Seghir
Copyright (c) 2023 Hayet Laoufi, Aicha Mouane , Aouimeur Souad, Merabti Brahim, Mehaoua Mohamed Seghir
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2023-10-162023-10-16Weed seed bank dynamics during a three year crop rotation in Mediterranean semi-arid region (Northwestern Algeria)
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/272
<p>A better understanding of the soil seed bank system could help agricultural systems plan more effective weed control strategies. This study aims to assess the qualitative and quantitative soil weed seed bank composition in a cereal crop grown in northern-western Algeria under conventional farming systems and semi-arid conditions. The study was evaluated each autumn for three years (2018-2019-2020). Soil samples were collected from the field zone at each depth category (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, and 15-30 cm) and evaluated in a temperature-controlled greenhouse over six months using the seedling-emergence method. Several indexes were used to evaluate the seed bank density, diversity, and species composition. Thirty weed plants from seventeen families were recovered from the soil seed bank. Asteraceae and Poaceae were the most dominant families. The density of seed bank species varied significantly between the superficial (0-5 cm), middle depth (5-15cm), and deeper soil depth (15-30 cm). The averages were 14776.08 m<sup>-2</sup> (19.01%), 36977.04 m<sup>-2</sup> (47.59%) and 25943.06 m<sup>-2</sup> (33.4%), respectively. According to our findings, <em>Chenopodium vulvaria, Amaranthus blitoides</em>, and <em>Convolvulus arvensis</em> were abundant. As a result, the weed seed bank research was critical in predicting the size and distribution of viable weed seeds in the soil. It aids in developing a sustainable weed management program in semi-arid areas by providing early warnings of weed community composition and allowing for informed decisions on long-term weed control.</p>
Plant Sciencesoil seed bank, seedling emergence method, species diversity, density, semi arid areaLalia AmmarAbdelkader Harizia Kada Righi
Copyright (c) 2023 Lalia Ammar, Abdelkader Harizia , Kada Righi
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2023-10-162023-10-16Effect of growing factors on production and fatty acid composition of sunflower schenes
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/266
<p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of selected growing factors on the production, quality, and composition of fatty acids. The field small plot experiments were stablished on research-experimental base in Dolná Malanta in 2018 and 2019. Growing factors and experimental material used in this study were hybrids Carrera, SY Gracia, Marbelia CS and Reasun DS-5 grown by Clearfield and Clearfield Plus technology, and biostimulating preparations Florone (made from hydrolyzed plant proteins formulated with NPK) and Fertisilinn (foliar fertilizer with orthosilicic acid and micronutrients). Statistical analyzes confirmed the significant influence of the year on all monitored parameters of the experiment. For achieved yield and fatty acid content (oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid) was more favorable experimental season of 2018. Experimental year 2019 was more suitable for creation of yield-forming elements, oil content, and linoleic acid content. Used hybrids significantly affected the head diameter, weight of thousand achenes, yield, oil content, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Significant differences between hybrids were achieved mainly in qualitative parameters (oil content, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids). The biostimulating preparations significantly affected yield-forming elements (head diameter, weight of head, and weight of thousand achenes), yield and quality (oil content, and all fatty acid composition), from which it follows that the application of biostimulating preparations affects the main production parameters, and the quality of the oil through fatty acid content. The very strong negative relationship (<em>r</em>=-0.9951; <em>P</em> < 0.01) in fatty acid composition between oleic and linoleic acid was found. In the other side very strong positive relation (<em>r</em>= 0.9882; <em>P</em> < 0.01) between number of plants and number of heads was recorded.</p>
Plant Sciencebiostimulatorshybridsoil contentqualityyieldAlexandra ZapletalováDávid ErnstIvan Černý
Copyright (c) 2023 Alexandra Zapletalová, Dávid Ernst, Ivan Černý
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2023-10-162023-10-16Cow vs goat milk in infant’s nutrition: What is better? Review
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/283
<p>Infant formula is the main source of nutrition for babies who cannot be fed human milk, which is the best source of feed for them. Modern trends spreading through social media are questioning the suitability of commercial infant formula for children. The growth in cow's milk protein allergies among the population and the increase in the percentage of premature infants with low birth weight are focusing attention on cow's milk-based infant formula substitutes. Recently, goat's milk-based infant formulas have become available. A comparison of the composition requirements of infant formula and premature infant formula shows the need to modify both milks for use in infant formula. Differences in milk composition and functional properties can compensate for technological and nutritional differences. The lower allergenicity of goat milk, smaller fat globules and softer curd can cause a different body reaction in goat's milk based infant formula than cow's milk based infant formula. The choice of commercial infant formula should not be made based on the reactions of other children but should be selected taking into account the individual's ability to grow and develop appropriately during the use of particular infant formula.</p>
Animal Scienceinfant nutrition, infant formula, milkJuraj GašperMartina MiluchováMichal Gábor
Copyright (c) 2023 Juraj Gašper, Martina Miluchová, Michal Gábor
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2024-01-082024-01-081,2-PROPANEDIOL IN MAIZE SILAGES WITH NUTRIENTS MEASUREMENT USING NIRS TECHNOLOGY
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/288
<p>1,2-propanediol (propanediol) represents an important glucoplastic substance for the nutritional requirements of highly productive cows, and its natural synthesis during silage fermentation is of great importance. The aim of this paper was to monitor the fermentation activity of two combinations of homo- and hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in two preparations (preparation 1: L. buchneri, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum; preparation 2: L. buchneri, L. rhamnosus, L. diolivorans). Propanediol production was monitored in maize silages at the following levels: cutting technology, hybrid, vegetation development, type of silage fermentation and length of fermentation time. From the point of view of silage alternatives, preparation 1 fulfilled the declared properties and had a demonstrably positive influence on the production of propanediol in maize silages from whole plants (average content of 4.93 g.kg-1). Propanediol production in the silage alternative with preparation 2 (average content of 1.33 g.kg-1) was higher when compared to the negative control (average content of 0.11 g.kg-1). The production of propanediol decreased with increasing dry matter content, which is directly related to the advancing vegetative development of plants. The type of silage fermentation and vegetation development had a statistically demonstrable effect on the level of propanediol production in maize silages. A statistically significant difference at the hybrid level was only identified with one hybrid. No statistically significant differences were found at the level of cutting technology and length of fermentation time. The fermentation activity of the Lactobacillus buchneri strain used depended on its combination with other homofermentative and/or heterofermentative LAB strains.</p>
Animal ScienceZea mays, hybrids, harvesting technology, vegetation stages, dry matter content, silage, 1,2-propanediol, Lentilactobacillus buchneriTomáš MitríkAndrej MitríkDušan Kořínek
Copyright (c) 2023 Tomáš Mitrík
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2023-07-122023-07-12Utilization of plant profilins as DNA markers
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/277
<p>This study aims to explore the possibility of utilizing markers derived from profilin sequences for the genomic fingerprinting of plant organisms. Profilins are a category of small actin-binding proteins that are present in all eukaryotic cells. Despite profilins being ubiquitous, some forms are also clinically relevant because of their ability to induce allergic responses in sensitized individuals. We conducted a PCR analysis on DNA samples obtained from 11 vegetable species (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> L. in 4 varieties) using two types of primers: non-degenerate and degenerate. In the case of degenerate primers, a total of 51 amplification products of different lengths were recorded, while their average amount was in the range of 7-8 amplicons for one species. The most frequently occurring product was the product with a length of 249 bp. A lower degree of polymorphism was noted when non-degenerate primers were used. The total number of different products created by amplification using non-degenerate primers was 33 and there was an average of 5 amplicons in one sample. As indicated by the findings, implementation of degenerate primers was more suitable for genomic fingerprinting based on profilin sequences in vegetable species, as it led to a higher level of variability in the amplification profiles of distinct species. It can be stated that amplification based on profilin sequences proved to be sufficient in its versatility and efficiency in generating variable-length polymorphism of PCR products.</p>
Plant ScienceprofilinsPCRlength polymorphismDNA markerSimona ČertekováAdam KováčikLucia KlongováJana Žiarovská
Copyright (c) 2023 Simona Čerteková, Adam Kováčik, Lucia Klongová, Jana Žiarovská
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2023-10-162023-10-16Bryophytes under a moss “canopy” on the Stradch Mountain (Ukraine)
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/254
<p>The aim of this work was to investigate the ability of some mosses to grow under a “canopy” of larger life-forms of the other moss species, because at the moment this subject is poorly studied. On the northern slope of the Stradch Mountain (Yavoriv District, Lviv Region, Ukraine) in a 100-year old <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> planting it was identified two moss species, gametophytes of which grew under a moss “canopy”: rare and the near threatened <em>Buxbaumia viridis</em>, which is in the Ukrainian and European Red-list books and a common species of Ukrainian bryoflora <em>Plagiomnium rostratum</em>. On the investigated site<em> B. viridis</em> grew exclusively on the ground adjacent to tree roots, with its gametophytes under the canopy of moss <em>Dicranella heteromalla</em>. <em>P.</em><em> rostratum</em> occured freely on the ground or hidden under the “canopy” of wefts of<em> Pleurozium schreberi,</em><em> Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus,</em> <em>Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus</em><em>,</em><em> Thuidium </em><em>tamariscinum</em> or tufts of <em>Polytrichastrum longisetum</em>. Without moss “canopy” <em>P. rostratum</em> occurred only on quite shaded ground. On well-illuminated sites<em> P.</em><em> rostratum</em> occurred exclusively being fully hidden. This study brings new information about the ecology of <em>B. viridis </em>and <em>P.</em><em> rostratum</em>: the ability of their gametophytes to grow on the ground under a “canopy” of other moss species.</p>
Plant ScienceOleh Pundiak
Copyright (c) 2023 Oleh Pundiak
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2023-10-162023-10-16Enhance potato resistance to Potato virus YNTN using curcumin nanoparticles
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/259
<p>Nanoparticles (NPs) are considered the best way to manage plant viruses. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare curcumin (Cur) and curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs) as protective materials against the <em>Potato virus Y</em><sup>NTN </sup>(PVY<sup>NTN</sup>). Besides, changes in gene expression and defensive enzymes in the potato plants treated and untreated were determined. The average CurNPs size at optimum conditions was about 45 nm and the zeta potential was negative (-18.1) determined by Zeta seizer. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed a smooth, spherical shape, and an almost homogenous nanoparticle structure. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of CurNPs was recorded. In the FTIR spectrum of CurNPs, peaks were observed at 1631, 1464, 1157, and 1073 cm-1. The potato plants treated with 10 mg/ml CurNPs+V recorded the highest significant reduction in percentage of disease severity (98%). Besides, treatment with CurNPs increased the rates of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the potatoes. On the other hand, SDS-PAGE showed clear variations in the content of the protein among potato plants treated with CurNPs or Cur and inoculated with PVY<sup>NTN</sup>, compared with the control. In addition, the plants sprayed with CurNPs or Cur pre-inoculation virus induced an increase or decrease in peroxidase (POX) activities. However, there were no substantial differences in activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozymes were recorded. Therefore, CurNPs could be used in potato breeding programs to control PVY.</p>
Plant ScienceFTIRenzyme activitiessystemic acquired resistanceSDS-PAGETEMNesma HelmySherin AfifiBadawi OthmanKhalid El-DougdougAbeer Faiesal
Copyright (c) 2023 Nesma Helmy, Sherin Afifi, Badawi Othman, Khalid El-Dougdoug, Abeer Faiesal
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2023-10-162023-10-16The effect of six-week consumption of full-fat yogurt made from the milk of sheep fed with iodine-enriched feed on indicators of thyroid function and selected biochemical and anthropometric parameters
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/270
<p>The purpose of the study was to determine what changes will occur under the influence of six-week consumption of full-fat yogurt made from sheep's milk from ewes fed with iodine-enriched feed in relation to indicators of thyroid function – thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), but also to selected biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The intervention group consisted of nineteen women aged 54 ±7 years. It was a hyper-cholesterolemic group with a non-atherogenic lipid profile. Six-week consumption of sheep's yogurt contributed to the intake of an important element in human nutrition, but did not cause changes in the function of the thyroid gland, nor in the state of the hormones that produce or regulate its activity. TSH decreased from 2.6 ±1.0 mlU.l<sup>-1</sup> to 2.4 ±1.0 mlU.l<sup>-1</sup>, fT4 increased from 15.2 ±1.5 pmol.l<sup>-1</sup> to 15.3 ±1.7 pmol.l<sup>-1</sup>, but there were no statistically significant changes (<em>P</em> >0.05). The value of fT3 did not change at all (4.8 pmol.l<sup>-1</sup>). The intervention had no significant negative impact either on the lipid profile or other biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Our findings indicate that the consumption of full-fat sheep's yogurt not only contributes to the intake of iodine in the diet, but in terms of fat content does not cause health complications and deterioration of the lipid profile or other biochemical or anthropometric parameters</p>
Animal Scienceyogurtsheepiodinethyroidbiochemical profileanthropometric profileMartina GažarováRóbert TomanPetra LenártováMartina PšenkováMarta HabánováJana KopčekováVladimír TančinSimona Almášiová
Copyright (c) 2023 Martina Gažarová, Róbert Toman, Petra Lenártová, Martina Pšenková, Marta Habánová, Jana Kopčeková, Vladimír Tančin, Simona Almášiová
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2023-10-162023-10-16Nutrition, rumination and heat stress as influential factors in dairy cows production: A review
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/271
<p>The aim of this review is to consolidate the already much published knowledge concerning the gastrointestinal tract of the dairy cow in relation to nutrition. This review document deals with the essential living conditions of dairy cows, with an attention to nutrition, and highlights the importance of correct ration design. Dairy cows in different production cycles have special requirements for the composition, structure and nutrient composition of their rations. This review document provides more detailed information on the physical structure of feedstuffs as well as the need for individual nutrients for the right functioning of the dairy cow. These elements determine total health, feed intake, rumination, the development of metabolic diseases and last but not least, milk yield and composition. Rumination is an important and valuable tool that indicates the correctness of these aspects. Many published studies point to the relationship between rumination and health status where early intervention can be made to prevent a reduction in milk yield and consequent negative selection from the breeding stock. Many studies describe rumination as an indicator that forms the basis of the herd on which the very substantial and developing benefits of breeding as well as reproduction itself are built. The rumination-based relationships of heat stress and dairy cow health are also nowadays receiving a great deal of attention in studies. In nowadays also receiving a great deal of attention in studies about relationship not only between rumination - heat stress but also dairy cow health status. Heat stress is characteristically labelled as an unwanted factor that has an adverse effect on dairy cow milk yield.</p>
Animal Sciencedairy cowsnutritionruminationheat stressmilk yieldMária KapusniakováMiroslav JuráčekOndrej HanušovskýMichal RolinecBranislav GálikAndrej DuchoňStanislava DrotárováMária KalúzováMilan Šimko
Copyright (c) 2023 Mária Kapusniaková, Milan Šimko, Miroslav Juráček, Ondrej Hanušovský, Michal Rolinec, Branislav Gálik, Andrej Duchoň, Stanislava Drotárová, Mária Kalúzová
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2023-07-122023-07-12Estimation of genetic parameters of claw formation in Holstein and Slovak Spotted cattle
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/218
<p>The study aimed to analyse the claw formation traits in a selected population of Holstein and Slovak Spotted breeds and estimated their heritability and genetic correlation using linear mixed models. Images of the right hind claw were taken during functional claw trimming. NIS Elements 3.0 and MS Excel were used to analyse the images and prepare a database of phenotypic information. Pedigree information of animals was processed using the CFC program. Basic statistical analysis of the variability studied traits was estimated using SAS Enterprise Guide v7.1. Genetic correlation and heritability were estimated using the R package MCMC glmm. Lower average values of claw formation were found for the evaluated Holstein dairy cows compared to the evaluated group of Slovak Spotted dairy cows. The following effects (fixed effects) sire, date of birth, lactation order, calving year, calving season, the season of the claw trimming, and year of claw trimming were evaluated. Both positive and negative genetic correlations were observed between the claw conformation traits in the evaluated dairy cows. In the case of the Holstein breed, the highest positive genetic correlation was found for claw length and diagonal (0.91) and in Slovak Spotted cows for claw width and functional claw area (0.87). Claw conformation traits are generally low heritable, with an average <em>h<sup>2</sup> </em>value of 0.30±0.09.</p>
Animal Sciencegenetic evaluationHolstein cattleSlovak Spotted cattleclaw formationMonika ChalupkováAdrián HalvoníkNina MoravčíkováJán TomkaRadovan KasardaJán Prišťák
Copyright (c) 2023 Monika Chalupková, Adrián Halvoník, Nina Moravčíková, Ján Tomka, Radovan Kasarda, Ján Prišťák
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2023-04-042023-04-04Evaluation of concentrations of inorganic forms of nitrogen in the Bocegaj watercourse and Kolínany pond
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/235
<p>The aim of the study was to determine concentrations of inorganic forms of nitrogen (N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, N-NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) in the Bocegaj creek and Kolínany pond, the impact of the wastewater treatment plant on the water quality in the pond, to identify the sources of pollution in the creek during the year of 2014. Water sampling was carried out at regular monthly intervals periodically from January to October, from six sampling points. During the time horizon, all four seasons alternated, which was also reflected in the change of the concentrations of individual forms of nitrogen. It was found that the water in the Kolínany pond did not meet the recommended value (N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, N-NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) and the limit value (N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) specified by the government regulation of national low. The main source of pollution was insufficiently purified water discharged from the Kolínany wastewater treatment plant.</p>
Plant Sciencewaterbrooknitrateammoniumnitrite nitrogenMária BabošováJana Ivanič-PorhajášováPatrícia BabčanováSamira ShayanmehrAndrej Seman
Copyright (c) 2023 Mária Babošová, Jana Ivanič-Porhajášová, Patrícia Babčanová, Samira Shayanmehr, Andrej Seman
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2023-07-122023-07-12The effects of short-term sea buckthorn juice consumption on lipid profile and body composition in hypercholesterolemic women
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/258
<p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term consumption of 100% sea buckthorn juice (SBJ) affects serum lipids and body composition in hypercholesterolemic women. The study included 31 non-medicated adult women aged 40 to 56 years (average age 49.86 ± 5.98 years). In this intervention study, volunteers received 50 mL of 100% bio commercial SBJ every day for 4-week period. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were monitored before and after 4 weeks of consumption of SBJ. Body composition was determined using an multifrequency analyzer InBody720. Routine biochemical analyzes were performed by standard methods in an accredited laboratory of the University Hospital by automatic biochemical analyzer BioMajesty JCA-BM6010/C. Supplementation with 100% SBJ increased high-density cholesterol (<em>P </em><0.05) and decreased low-density cholesterol (<em>P </em>>0.05). There was also a positive decrease in the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (<em>P</em> <0.01) and C-reactive protein (<em>P</em> <0.001). We observed a significant weight loss (<em>P</em> <0.05), body fat (<em>P </em><0.01), body mass index (<em>P</em> <0.05) and visceral fat area (<em>P </em><0.01). The obtained results show that the daily consumption of SBJ for 4 weeks represents a possible prevention of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypercholesterolemic women without pharmacotherapy. </p>
Animal Sciencecardiovascular dieseasesea buckthorn juicelipid profilecholesterolbody compositionIng. Jana Kopčeková, PhD.Jana MrázováKatarína Fatrcová-ŠramkováKristína JančichováMaroš BihariPeter ChleboJúlius Árvay
Copyright (c) 2023 Ing. Jana Kopčeková, PhD., Jana Mrázová, Katarína Fatrcová-Šramková, Kristína Jančichová, Maroš Bihari, Peter Chlebo, Július Árvay
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2023-07-122023-07-12Assessment of the nutritional quality of four lentils (Lens culinaris Med) varieties cultivated in Algeria before and after cooking and their sensory characterization.
https://afz.fapz.uniag.sk/journal/article/view/204
<p>Lentil (<em>Lens culinaris </em>Med is an important dietary source of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fibre, minerals and vitamins. The nutritional status of four lentil Algerians cultivars (Metropol, Idleb1, Syrie229 and Ibla), were accessed. Carbohydrate composition, Crude proteins, Fibre, Dry matter, Fats and Ashes were determined. The culinary qualities and sensory analysis are respectively based on cooking time and tasting tests which carried out with 28 samples of consumers. The highest protein contents were recorded in Metropol (24.38 %) followed by Idleb1 (22.87 %). Ibla presented the highest fibre content (06.11 %) and the lowest value was recorded in Idleb1 (4.01 %). The highest carbohydrate contents were shown by Ibla and Metropol with 74.43 % and 62.40 % respectively. However, syrie229 and exhibit the lowest value with 11.91 %. Descriptive sensory analysis of prepared samples showed that all extruded treatments were similar to each other. By applying statistical techniques, consumer acceptability testing (4-point hedonic scale) indicated that there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) in acceptability among the selected treatments. This study contributes to the available information concerning nutritional quality of Algerian lentil varieties before and after cooking and their sensory characterization. The current results can be assured of enhanced nutrient potential and sensory quality of lentil. </p>
Plant Scienceculinary qualitieslentilnutritional statusprotein contentssensory analysisDjouher GaadSalema SilabdiAbdesselam Belbledi
Copyright (c) 2023 Djouher GAAD, Salema Silabdi, Abdesselam Belbledi
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
2023-07-122023-07-12