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Assessment of Protein Quantity and Quality of Turkish Maize Landraceswith Different Opacity Level

Authors

  • Gülhan Baytekin Karaoğlu Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Türkiye
  • Umut Songur Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Türkiye
  • Esra Çiğdem Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Türkiye
  • Gökalp Şimşek Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Türkiye
  • Fatih Kahrıman Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Türkiye

Keywords:

Essential amino acid, Zea mays, Genetic resources, Food

Abstract

Protein ratio and amino acid composition vary considerably in maize according to the level of opacity. In this study, the total 
protein content, amounts of some essential amino acids (lysine and tryptophan) and quantitative and qualitative variation of 
protein fractions in maize seed samples separated according to different opacity levels were investigated. In the study, 6 local 
maize landraces with opaque kernel structure and 3 standards were used. The field trial was carried out in 2021 according to 
the complete blocks trial design with 3 replications. Samples of local maize landraces from the field experiment were separated 
on a light table according to 5 different opacity levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Protein content, lysine and tryptophan 
contents, albumin + globulin, glutelin and zein contents were analyzed in the samples separated by their opacity. In addition, 
protein fractions were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and the changes in protein bands according to opacity level were examined. 
Differences between genotypes, opacity levels and their interaction were illustrated with box plot and PCA-Biplots. Two-way 
dendrograms were created for qualitative discrimination. The results of the study showed that there were significant changes 
in protein amount and quality according to the opacity levels of the genotypes. The protein contents of the genotypes were 
5.95–10.22%, lysine contents 0.33–0.46%, tryptophan contents 0.032–0.083%, albumin + glubulin contents 1.92–2.72%, glutelin 
contents 0.64–1.08%, and zein contents 1.59–1.99%. There was a significant difference in presence or absence according to the 
opacity levels in the protein fractions.

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2024-04-05 — Updated on 2024-04-05

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