Effect of growing season upon microbial status of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) rhizosphere

Abstract

DOI: 10.15414/afz.2015.18.04.99–102

Received 1. July 2015 ǀ Accepted 10. August 2015 ǀ Available online 7. December 2015

In this study we assessed the number of microorganisms in rhizosphere of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) as one of the important aromatic species in Serbia. The trial was set up on chernozem soil at experimental field of Bački Petrovac, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (northern Serbia) in 2012, 2013 and 2014. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from both conventional and organic grown peppermint. In each year of investigation two samplings (June and July) were performed for microbiological analysis. Soil samples were analyzed by the standard methods in four replications and average number of microorganisms was calculated at 1.0 g absolutely dry soil. The  results were analyzed in accordance with three–way model of analysis of variance. The obtained results showed that a significantly higher number of ammonifiers, azotobacters and free nitrogen-fixing bacteria was recorded in 2012 compared to 2013 and 2014. Also, a significantly higher number of azotobacters and free nitrogen-fixing bacteria was obtained in organic than in conventional growing. In addition, significant differences in number of fungi and actinomycetes were recorded between the sampling terms, i.e. significantly higher numbers of these groups of microorganisms were found in the second term.

Keywords: Mentha × piperita, peppermint, microorganisms, conventional and organic growing, rhizosphere

References
ADAMOVIĆ, D., ĐALOVIĆ, I. and MRKOVAČKI, N. (2015) Microbial abundance in rhizosphere of medicinal and aromatic plant species in conventional and organic growing systems. In Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1–6. ANDERSON, G.R. (1958) Ecology of Azotobacter in soil of the Palouse region. I. Occurrence. In Soil Science, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 57–65.
ANDRO, A.R. et al. (2013) Chemical composition of essential oils from Mentha aquatica L. at different moments of the ontogenetic cycle. In Journal of Medicinal Plant Research vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 470–473. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JMPR
BARRIUSO, J. et al. (2005) Screening for putative PGPR to improve establishment of the symbiosis Lactarius deliciosus–Pinus sp. In Microbial Ecology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 82–89. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nplants
BERG, G. and SMALLA, K. (2009) Plant species and soil type cooperatively shape the structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. In FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 1–13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941
BÜRGMANN, H. et al. (2005) Effects of model root exudates on structure and activity of a soil diazotroph community. In Environmental Microbiology, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 1711–1724. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920
CHAND, S. et al. (2004) Agronomy and uses of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) – Indian perspective. In Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy. B70. 3, pp. 269–297. COMPANT, S. Et al. (2005) Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects. In Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol. 71, no. 9, pp. 4951–4959. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02161-15
GAUR, S. and KAUSHIK, P. (2012) Effect of Seasonal Variation on Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Medicinal Plants in Central Himalayan Region of India. In American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 618–626. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.35075
GRANSEE, A. and WITTENMAYER, L. (2000) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of water-soluble root exudates in relation to plant species and development. In Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol. 163, no. 4, pp. 381–385. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159030241
GRAYSTON, S.J. et al. (1998) Impact of elevated CO2 on the metabolic diversity of microbial communities in N-limited grass swards. In Plant and Soil, vol. 203, no. 2, pp. 289–300. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0120-9
GULLUCE, M. et al. (2007) Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. ssp. longifolia. In Food Chemistry, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 1449–1456. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.061

HUANG, X-F. et al. (2014) Rhizosphere interactions: root exudates, microbes, and microbial communities. In Botany, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 267–275. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.245811
HRYNKIEWICZ, K., BAUM, C., LEINWEBER, P. (2010) Density, metabolic activity and identity of cultivable rhizosphere bacteria on Salix viminalis in disturbed arable and landfill soils. In Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol. 173, no. 5, pp. 747–756. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200900286 JARAK, M., ĐURIĆ, S. (2004) Mannual of Microbiology. Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia, p. 146 (in Serbian).
KARTHIKEYAN, B. et al. (2008) Studies on rhizosphere microbial diversity of some commercially important medicinal plants. In Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 143–145. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.09.004
MERBACH, W. et al. (1999) Release of carbon and nitrogen compounds by plant roots and their possible ecological importance. In Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol. 162, no. 4, pp. 373–383. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00682.x
POCHON, J. and TARDIEUX, P. (1962) Techniques d'analyse en microbiologie du sol. Paris: Centre de Pédologie biologique du C.N.R.S. Réference No 282. pp. 3–20.
RAAIJMAKERS, J.M. et al. (2009) The rhizosphere: A playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. In Plant and Soil, vol. 321, no. 1–2, pp. 341–361. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9568-6
SOLAIMAN, Z.M. and ANAWAR, H.Md. (2015) Rhizosphere Microbes Interactions in Medicinal Plants. In: EGAMBERDIEVA, D., SHRIVASTAVA, S. and VARMA, A. (eds). Plant–Growth–Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Medicinal Plants. New York: Springer, pp. 19-41.
SYLVIA, D.M. and CHELLEMI, D.O. (2001) Interactions among root-inhabiting fungi and their implications for biological control of root pathogens. In Advances in Agronomy, vol. 73, pp. 1–33.
VAN LOON, L.C. (2007) Plant response to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. In European Journal of Plant Pathology, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 243–254. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9165-1
WANG, S., LI, Z. and FAN, G. (2012) Soil quality and microbes in organic and conventional farming systems. In African Journal of Microbiology Research, vol. 6, no. 24, pp. 5077–5085. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.1541