Nutritive value of ensiled Italian ryegrass and winter cereal mixture

Abstract

Submitted 2020-06-12 | Accepted 2020-07-08 | Available 2020-12-01

https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.mi-fpap.7-14

The study was conducted with the objective of evaluating nutrient digestibility and energy concentrations of wilted and ensiled mixture composed of 40% of three cultivars of Italian ryegrass + 20% of two cultivars of winter triticale + 20% of two cultivars of winter oats + 15% of winter wheat + 5% of winter barley. After 90 days of fermentation digestibility experiments were carried out on six Hungarian Merino wethers (4 years of age, initial body weight 84.56 ± 5.53 kg). The net energy for lactation (NEl), maintenance (NEm) and growth (NEg) was computed following NRC (2001) equation to estimate energy values of feed. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were 67.90%, 72.12%, 73.44%, 70.90% and 70.76%, respectively. The NEl, NEm and NEg values were 5.37, 5.74 and 3.32 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The nitrogen and energy dependent metabolizable protein values were 97.03 and 88.87 g/kg DM, respectively. These results suggest that the high NDF and CP digestibility and energy concentration implies that this mixture can be included successfully in dairy cattle diets.

Keywords: digestibility, energy, metabolizable protein, Italian ryegrass, silage, winter cereals

References
Abdulkarim, Y.H. & Kedir, S. (2019). Factors affecting rumem microbial protein synthesis: A review. Veternary Medicine Journal, 4: 27-35.

Allen, M. and Oba. M. (1996). Fiber digestibility of forages. Pages 151–171 in Proc. 57th Minnesota Nutr. Conf. Protiva Tech. Symp. Ext. Special Programs, Bloomington, MN. Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul.

Baldinger, L. et al. (2011). Italian ryegrass silage in winter feeding of organic dairy cows: forage intake, milk yield and composition. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 91, 435–442.

Baldinger, L. et al. (2014). Maize silage and Italian ryegrass silage as high-energy forages in organic dairy cow diets: Differences in feed intake, milk yield and quality, and nitrogen efficiency. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 29, 378–387.

Bernard, J. et al. (2002). Effect of replacing corn silage with annual ryegrass silage on nutrient digestibility, intake, and milk yield for lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 85, 2277–2282.

Byron seeds, LLC. (2019). Cool season plants, Italian ryegrass.

Castillo-Lopez, E. & Domínguez-Ordóñez, M. (2019). Factors affecting the ruminal microbial composition and methods to determine microbial protein yield. Review. Rev Mex Cienc Pecu, 10, 120-148.

Cattani, M. et al. (2017). Effects of total replacement of corn silage with sorghum silage on milk yield, composition, and quality. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 8, 15–30.

Colombini, S. et al. (2015). Substitution of corn silage with sorghum silages in lactating cow diets: In vivo methane emission and global warming potential of milk production. Agricultural system, 136, 106–113.

de Oliveira, S.J. et al. (2016). Intake and digestibility of silage. Advanced in silage production and utilization. Open access peer – reviewed chapter.

David, G. & Gary P. (2018). Mycotoxins in Crops: A Threat to Human and Domestic Animal Health. American phytopathological society (APS).

DLF, Seeds and Science. (2018). Forage grass species, Italian ryegrass.

Fernando, S.C. et al. (2010). Rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high‐grain diet. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76:7482–7490.

Field crops news. (2014). Italian ryegrass forage options.

Getachew, G. et al. (2016). Potential of sorghum as an alternative to corn forage. University of California, Davis, CA, USA. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7, 1106–1121.

Grant, R. and Contach, K. (2012). “Extreme Feeding–High Forage–Low Forage. How to feed the extremes” Proceedings, dairy day at miner institute, Chazy New York.

Harper, M.T. et al. (2017). Inclusion of wheat and triticale silage in the diet of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Sciences, 100, 6151 – 6163.

Hassanat, F. et al. (2014). Erratum to “Replacing alfalfa silage with corn silage in dairy cow diets: Effects on enteric methane production, ruminal fermentation, digestion, N balance, and milk production” (J. Dairy Sci. 96:4553-4567). Journal of Dairy Science, 97, 1169.

Hungarian Feed Codex. (2004). Ministry of agriculture and rural development, Budapest, Hungary.

Khosravi, M. et al. (2018). Total replacement of corn silage with sorghum silage improves milk fatty acid profile and antioxidant capacity of Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101, 10953–10961.

Lathrop, A. & Namut, D. (2011). Development of drought tolerant corn hybrids. University of Nebraska – Lincoln. Institute of agriculture and resources.

Megias, M.D. et al. (1993). Chemical changes during the ensiling of orange peel. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 43, 269-274.

NRC. (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, National academy of science (7th rev. ed), Washington, D.C.

Orosz, Sz. et al. (2019). Domestic feed supply of beef cows, breeding and fattening cattle in the light of climate change. Livestock and Feeding (pp. 365-382). In Hungarian.

Playne, M.J. (1985). Determination of ethanol, volatile fatty acids, lactic and succinic acids in fermentation liquids by gas chromatography. Journal Science Food Agriculture, 36, 638 – 644.

Raffrenato, E. & Van A. (2010). Development of a mathematical model to predict sizes and rates of digestion of a fast and slow degrading pool and the indigestible NDF fraction. (pp.52 – 65) in Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf for Feed Manufac. October 19-21. Syracuse, NY.

Robinson, K.L. (1986). Effect of fine grinding and supplementation with hay on the digestibility of wheat bran by rabbits. Journal of Applied rabbit research, 9, 166-167.

Schmidt, J., Várhegyi, J. & Cenkvári, E. (1998). Proposal for the new protein evaluation system for ruminants in Hungary.

Schmidt J., & Zsédely, E. (2011). Animal husbandry and breeding; Nutrition of ruminants. The protein value of feeds in ruminants’ nutrition. TAMOP 4.2.5 Book Database. University of West Hungary.

SAS Institute Inc. (2004). SAS®9.1 Scalable Performance Data Engine: Reference, Cary, NC.

Su-jiang, Z. et al. (2016). Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of high sugar forage sorghum as an alternative to forage maize for silage making in Tarim Basin, China. Agriculture, 15, 175–182.

Teixeira, A. et al. (2014). Intake and digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench) silages with different tannin contents in sheep. Revista Brasileira Zootecnia, 43, 14-19.

Tigchelaar, M. et al. (2018). Future warming increases probability of globally synchronized maize production shocks. PNAS published ahead of print June 11, 2018.

Van Duinkerken, G. et al. (1999). The effects of replacing maize silage by triticale whole crop silage in a roughage mixture with grass silage on feed intake and milk production by dairy cows. https://edepot.wur.nl/5276.

Wallsten, J. et al. (2009). Digestibility of whole crop barley and oat silages in dairy heifers. Animal: an international journal of animal bioscience, 4, 432–438.

Yan, T. and Agnew, R. (2014). Prediction of nutritive values in grass silages: I. Nutrient digestibility and energy concentrations using nutrient compositions and fermentation characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 82, 1367–1379.