Fyzikálne vlastnosti ornej pôdy zmenenej na lesnú s porastom introdukovaných kryptomérií japonských

Abstract

The aim of the work was to determine the differences in physical properties between land on which is already for 41 years grown introduced Japanese cedar (land was till year 1960 used as arable) and arable land which is intensively used for crop production. First soil pit was located under cedar growth in Arboretum and second on arable land near to Arboretum. Morphological characteristics and physical properties were detected in soil pits. Soil profiles differed in horizons thickness, homogenization, colour, rooting. Homogenization of ploughing layer of former arable land under cedars was not detectable therefore soil was classified as Stagni-Haplic Luvisol. Both profiles had exceeded the critical values of bulk density and porosity, thus they were compacted. The volume of non-capillary pores (P_N) was lower in the whole profile of arable land. In the topsoil the average volume of P_N was 6.2%, in the Btg and Btg/C horizons 1% and 2.5%. In layer 0.2-0.4 m P_N were completely reduced. In the Au horizon under cedars the P_N volume was 14.7% and in Btg horizon 5.8% despite the clayey-loam texture. Arable soil has a larger volume of available water capacity. Soil structure of ploughing layer was very unstable and contained 40.8% of microaggregates, in topsoil under cedars 30.6%. The results showed that the soil physical properties were no significantly improved after 41 years (consider soil texture) from when the soil under cedars stopped to be used as arable.