Effect of GM maize on metabolism and performance of chicken

Olena Gaviley, Svitlana Pankova, Oleg Katerynych

Abstract


Article Details: Received: 2020-08-20 | Accepted: 2021-01-19 | Available online: 2021-06-30

https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.02.147-154

Genetically modified (GM) maize and traditional maize were tested experimentally to determine their effect on chicken serum biochemical parameters and metabolism. A total of 600 day-old chicks were divided into 2 experimental groups, namely: K, diet based on traditional maize (control); D, a diet based on GM maize (experiment). The experiment lasted 17 weeks, daily monitoring of population viability and feed consumption were carried out, at the age of 4, 8 and 17 weeks all birds were individually weighed. Blood samples for biochemical studies were taken from chickens at 4 weeks and 12 weeks of age (n= 6). Analytical studies did not show significant changes in serum biochemical parameters in group D chickens. A significant difference between the groups of chickens receiving GM and traditional maize was found only by the content of lipids after 4 weeks (P < 0.05) and cholesterol after 12 weeks of the experiment (P < 0.001). Also noted increasing level of CIC in serum of chickens that consumed feed from GM maize relative control at 32.2% (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks of the experiment. However, the studied indicators of metabolism and immune response in birds were within the physiological range. Certain fluctuations in the parameters during the experiment were observed in both groups, which indicates that there is no connection between this fact and the feeding factor. In addition, optimal results were obtained in terms of feed conversion and body weight of poultry, regardless of the feeding ration. The body weight of chickens at the age of 17 weeks in both groups was in the range of 1862.4-1895.6 g, feed consumption per 1 kg of body weight gain was 3.65-3.76 kg, the livestock viability – 96.6-97.3%. The results of the study do not indicate any danger to the metabolism and health of the bird due to the use of genetically modified feed, as no statistically significant differences within the studied parameters were observed. The noted certain small deviations fell within the limits of normal variations of the considered indicators and, thus, had no biological or toxicological value.

Keywords: metabolism, growth performance, feeding, GM maize, chicken

References

Aeschbacher, K. et al. (2005). Bt176 corn in poultry nutrition: physiological characteristics and fate of recombinant plant DNA in chickens. Poultry Science, 84(3), 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.3.385

Brake, J., Faust, M. & Stein, J. (2005). Evaluation of transgenic hybrid corn (VIP3A) in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 84(3), 503–512. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/84.3.503

Chen, L. et al. (2016). Long-term toxicity study on genetically modified corn with cry1Ac gene in a Wuzhishan miniature pig model. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(12), 4207–4214. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7624

Czerwiński, J. et al. (2015). The use of genetically modified Roundup Ready soyabean meal and genetically modified MON 810 maize in broiler chicken diets. Part 1. Effects on performance and blood lymphocyte subpopulations. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 24(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65640/2015

de Vos, C. J. & Swanenburg, M. (2018). Health effects of feeding genetically modified (GM) crops to livestock animals: A  review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 117(2018), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.031

El-Kelawy, M.I., ELnaggar, A.S. & Abdelkhalek, E. (2018). Productive performance, blood parameters and immune response of broiler chickens supplemented with grape seed and medicago sativa as natural sources of polyphenols. Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 38(1), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.21608/epsj.2018.5665

Flachowsky, G., Halle, I. & Aulrich, K. (2005). Long term feeding of Bt-corn – a ten-generation study with quails. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 59(6), 449–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390500353549

Gao, C. et al. (2014). Effect of Dietary Phytase Transgenic Corn on Physiological Characteristics and the Fate of Recombinant Plant DNA in Laying Hens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 27(1), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13265

Halle, I. & Flachowsky, G. (2014). A four-generation feeding study with genetically modified (Bt) maize in laying hens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 23(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65717/2014

Jianzhuang Tan. (2012). Comparison of broiler performance, carcass yields and intestinal microflora when fed diets containing transgenic (Mon-40-3-2) and conventional soybean meal. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(59). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb12.013

Korwin-Kossakowska, A. et al. (2016). Health status and potential uptake of transgenic DNA by Japanese quail fed diets containing genetically modified plant ingredients over 10 generations. British Poultry Science, 57(3), 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2016.1162281

Lu, L. et al. (2015). Influence of phytase transgenic corn on the intestinal microflora and the fate of transgenic DNA and protein in digesta and tissues of broilers. PLOS ONE, 10(11), e0143408. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143408

Lumeij, J. T. (1997). Avian Clinical Biochemistry. In Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W. & Bruss, M. L. (Eds.). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. (5. ed.). Academic Press (pp. 857–883).

McNaughton, J. et al. (2011). Nutritional equivalency evaluation of transgenic maize grain from event DP-Ø9814Ø-6 and transgenic soybeans containing event DP-356Ø43-5: Laying hen performance and egg quality measures. Poultry Science, 90(2), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00973

Petrick, J. S., Bell, E. & Koch, M. S. (2019). Weight of the evidence: independent research projects confirm industry conclusions on the safety of insect-protected maize MON 810. GM Crops & Food, 11(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2019.1680242

Řehout, V. et al. (2009). The influence of genetically modified Bt maize MON 810 in feed mixtures on slaughter, haematological and biochemical indices of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 18(3), 490–498. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66423/2009

Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J. & Harrison, L. R. (1999). Avian medicine: principles and application. Delray Beach, Hbd International.

Sartowska, K. E., Korwin-Kossakowska, A. & Sender, G. (2015). Genetically modified crops in a 10-generation feeding trial on Japanese quails. Evaluation of its influence on birds’ performance and body composition. Poultry Science, 94(12), 2909–2916. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev271

Scholtz, N. D. et al. (2010). Effects of an active immunization on the immune response of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed with or without genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis-maize. Poultry Science, 89(6), 1122–1128. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-00678

Snell, C. et al. (2012). Assessment of the health impact of GM plant diets in long-term and multigenerational animal feeding trials: a literature review. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 50(3–4), 1134–1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.048

Stevens, L. (1996). Avian Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511525773

Swiatkiewicz, S. et al. (2014). Genetically modified feeds and their effect on the metabolic parameters of food-producing animals: A review of recent studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 198, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.009

Szymczyk, B. et al. (2018). Results of a 16-week Safety Assurance Study with Rats Fed Genetically Modified Bt Maize: Effect on Growth and Health Parameters. Journal of Veterinary Research, 62(4), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0060

Volosyanko, O. V., Kurylo, V. I. & Kravchuk, M. Y. (2019). Assessment of biological safety: A social and legal aspect. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9(3), 227–230. https://doi.org/10.15421/2019_83

Yalçin, E. et al. (2018). Effects of feeding genetically modified (GM) maize on oxidative stress parameters in New Zealand rabbit. Global NEST Journal, 20(1), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.002367

Zhang, S., Ao, X. & Kim, I. H. (2019). Effects of non-genetically and genetically modified organism (maize-soybean) diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass weight, and meat quality of broiler chicken. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(6), 849–855. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0723


Full Text:

PDF

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica

© Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources