Impact of water and soil interaction on date quality of Deglet-Noor

Abstract

Article Details: Received: 2020-11-29 | Accepted: 2021-03-11 | Available online: 2021-09-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.03.174-184

The vast area cultivated which includes a variety of environment, climate, and agricultural maintenance, can affect the quality of the crop also the literature about the export of dates shows that those produced in the municipality of Tolga offering an opportunity for a strong export. Therefore, the objective of this study is to show the impact of the physicochemical interaction of water and soil on the intraspecific variability of Deglet-Noor. So, we will try to study the quality of Deglet-Noor dates under three axes: phenotypic, physicochemical, and biochemical in five municipalities among which Tolga. Principal Component Analysis showed a wide spectrum of variation between water and soil conditions affecting date quality. Application of fertilizer in a very salty, moderately calcareous gypseous soil allowed to produce dates considered as a good whose phenotypical and physicochemical characteristics are ranked among the best (yield with 264 kg palm-1 including size 4.47 cm and weight of dates 13.69 g, and moisture content 25.99% and a good consistency 2.15); the application of fertilizer in a very salty highly calcareous, moderately gypseous soil enhanced fruit phenotypical and physicochemical characteristics (yield with 252 kg palm-1); the application of fertilizer in a very salty soil highly calcareous, loam type, of Sidi Okba make possible to present dates with improvements in physicochemical and biochemical characteristics (total soluble solids 70.95%, total sugars 71.68% including sucrose 41.44% levels); salinity in a moderately gypsum and calcareous of Ouled Djellel gave more or less a good biochemical level of dates (reducing sugars 30.62%).

Keywords: characteristics, dates, Phoenix dactylifera, soil, water

References

Acourène, S., & Tama, M. (2002). Effects of some cultural operations (pollination, limitation, thinning and bagging) on the yield and the quality of the date of Deglet-Noor date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). INRAA Biannual Journal, 11, 27−48. In French.

ADDINSOFT. (2020). XLSTAT 2020.2.3. Retrieved April 06, 2020 from http://www.xlstat.com

Al-Khalifah, N. S., Askari, E., & Shanavaskhan, E. A. (2013). Date Palm Tissue Culture and Genetical Identification of cultivars Grown in Saudi Arabia. Riadh: National Center for Agriculture technologies. Retrieved Ferbruary 20, 2017 from https://cdn. ksu.edu.sa/ksu-subsites/iinpd.ksu.edu.sa/books/pdf/0057.pdf

Audigie, C., Figarella, I., & Zonszain, F. (1978). Handling of biochemical analysis. Paris: Doin. In French.

Ayers, R. S. & Westcot, D. W. (1985). Water quality for agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Baize, D. (2000). Guide of soil analyzes: Techniques and practices. 2nd ed. France: INRA. In French.

Bakalowicz, M. (1976). Geochemistry of karst water: A  method for studying the organization of underground flows. Scientific Annals of the University of Besançon, 25, 49−58. In French.

Bakalowicz, M. (1994). Water Geochemistry: Water Quality and Dynamics. In Gilbert, J., Danielopol, D. L., Stanford, J. A. (eds.) Groundwater ecology. France: Academic Press. (pp. 97−127). Retrieved November 28, 2020 from https://www.researchgate. net/profile/Michel-Bakalowicz/publication/289825341_ Water_Geochemistry_Water_Quality_and_Dynamics/ links/59db6210a6fdcc0ffd1a9a84/Water-Geochemistry-Water-Quality-and-Dynamics.pdf

Bouhoun, M. D. et al. (2011). A survey of the combined effects of waterlogging and salinity on fruit yield in the date palm groves of the Wargla basin, Algeria. Fruits, 66(1), 11−24. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2010037

Carr, M. K. V. (2013). The water relations and irrigation requirements of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): A review. Experimental Agriculture, 49(1), 91−113. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479712000993

Daoud, Y., & Halitim, A. (1994). Irrigation et salinisation au Sahara algérien. Science et changements planétaires/Sécheresse, 5(3), 151−160.

Daoud, Y., & Halitim, A. (1994). Irrigation and salinization in the Algerian Sahara. Science and planetary changes/Drought, 5(3), 151−160.

El Hadrami, A., & Al Khayri, J. M. (2012). Socioeconomic and traditional importance of date palm. Emirates Journal of food and Agriculture, 24(5), 371−385.

Estanove, P. (1990). Technical note: Valorisation of the date. In Dollé, V. & Toutain, G. (eds.) Mediterranean Options, Serie A: Mediterranean Seminars N°. 11: The oasis farming systems. Montpellier: CIHEAM. (pp. 302−318). In French. Retrieved Juin 17, 2015 from https://agritrop.cirad.fr/570694/1/ID570694.pdf

FAOSTAT. (2019). Agro-Statistics Database. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved March 09, 2019 from http://www.fao.org/faostat/fr/#rankings/ countries_by_commodity

Hazelton, P., & Murphy, B. (2007). Interpreting Soil Test Results: What Do All the Numbers Mean? 2nd ed. Melbourne: Csiro Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00943_8.x

IPGRI (2005). Descriptors of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Rome: IPGRI. Retrieved September 27, 2009 from https:// www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ online_library/publications/pdfs/1086.pdf

Ismail, B. et al. (2006). Physico-chemical characteristics and total quality of five date varieties grown in the United Arab Emirates. International journal of food science and technology, 41(8), 919−926. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01143.x

Jaradat, A. A., & Zaid, A. (2004). Quality traits of date palm fruits in a center of origin and center of diversity. Food, Agriculture & Environment, 2(1), 208−217.

Kassem, H. A. (2012). The response of date palm to calcareous soil fertilisation. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 12(1), 45−58. http://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162012000100005

Lee, J. W. et al. (2004). Gypsum effect on performance of American ginseng. HortScience, 39(4), 860B−860. https://doi. org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.4.860B

Linden, G. (1981). Analysis and control techniques in the agro-food industries. Paris: Technique and Documentation. In French.

MADRP. (2018). Agricultural statistics (Serie B). Algeria: MADRP. In French.

Meligi, M. et al. (1982). Fruit quality and general evaluation of some Iraqi date palm cultivars grown under conditions of barrage region. In First Symposium on the Date Palm. Saudi Arabia. (pp. 23−25).

Mlih, R. et al. (2016). Soil organic matter amendments in date palm groves of the Middle Eastern and North African region: A mini review. Journal of arid Land, 8(1), 77−92. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-015-0054-8

Mohammed, S., Shabana, H. R., & Mawlod, K. A. (1983). Evaluation and identification of Iraqi date cultivars: fruit characteristics of fifty cultivars. The Date Palm Journal, 21(1), 27−55. Retrieved April 13, 2020 from https://www.iraqi-datepalms.net/assets/uploads/2018/10/Book3.pdf#page=35

Munier, P. (1973). The date palm. Paris: G.P. Maisonneuve & Larose. In French.

Navarre, J. P. (1974). Oenology manual. Paris: J.-B. Baillière. In French. ONM. (2016). Annual summary of time in Algeria: Basic data Year 2016. Algeria: MTPT. In French.

Robinson, M. L., Brown, B., & Williams, C. (2012). The date palm in southern Nevada. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, 23, 1−26. Retrieved October 05, 2020 from https://www.azlca.com/uploads/documents/date-palms.pdf

Sarkar, D., & Haldar, A. (2005). Physical and chemical methods in soil analysis: fundamental concepts of analytical Chemistry and  Instrumental techniques. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limited Publishers.

Van Alphen, J. G., & De los Ríos Romero, F. (1971). Gypsiferous soils: Notes on their characteristics and management (Bulletin N°.12). Netherlands: ILRI.